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71.
Marie Maraninchi Delphine Feron Ingrid Fruitier‐Arnaudin Audrey Bégu‐Le Corroller Juan P. Nogueira Julien Mancini René Valéro Jean M. Piot Bernard Vialettes 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(2):378-381
Objective:
Hemorphin peptides exhibit biological activities that interfere with the endorphin system, the inflammatory response, and blood‐pressure control. VV‐hemorphin‐7 and LVV‐hemorphin‐7 peptides exert a hypotensive effect, in particular, by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system. Furthermore, levels of circulating hemorphin‐7 peptides have been found to be decreased in diseases such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Design and Methods:
Because type 2 diabetes and obesity share common features, such as insulin resistance, microinflammation, high glomerular‐filtration rate (GFR), and cardiovascular risk, we evaluated serum VV‐hemorphin‐7 like immunoreactivity (VVH7‐i.r.) levels, using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method, on a group of 54 obese subjects without diabetes or hypertension, compared with a group of 33 healthy normal‐weight subjects.Results:
Circulating VVH7‐i.r. levels were significantly decreased in the obese group compared with the control group (1.98 ± 0.19 vs. 4.86 ± 0.54 µmol/l, respectively, P < 0.01), and a significant negative correlation between VVH7‐i.r. and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in obese patients (r = ?0.35, P = 0.011). There was no significant correlation between VVH7‐i.r. level and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, or GFR.Conclusions:
The decreased serum hemorphin‐7 found in obese subjects, as in diabetes, may contribute to the development of hypertension and to the cardiovascular risk associated with these metabolic diseases.72.
Hélène Follet Delphine Farlay Yohann Bala Stéphanie Viguet-Carrin Evelyne Gineyts Brigitte Burt-Pichat Julien Wegrzyn Pierre Delmas Georges Boivin Roland Chapurlat 《PloS one》2013,8(2)
Previous studies have shown that microdamage accumulates in bone as a result of physiological loading and occurs naturally in human trabecular bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with pre-existing microdamage in human vertebral trabecular bone, namely age, architecture, hardness, mineral and organic matrix. Trabecular bone cores were collected from human L2 vertebrae (n = 53) from donors 54–95 years of age (22 men and 30 women, 1 unknown) and previous cited parameters were evaluated. Collagen cross-link content (PYD, DPD, PEN and % of collagen) was measured on surrounding trabecular bone. We found that determinants of microdamage were mostly the age of donors, architecture, mineral characteristics and mature enzymatic cross-links. Moreover, linear microcracks were mostly associated with the bone matrix characteristics whereas diffuse damage was associated with architecture. We conclude that linear and diffuse types of microdamage seemed to have different determinants, with age being critical for both types. 相似文献
73.
Aleksandar Zocevic Fabien Vorimore Nadia Vicari Julien Gasparini Lisa Jacquin Konrad Sachse Simone Magnino Karine Laroucau 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Recent evidence of the occurrence of atypical Chlamydiaceae strains in pigeons, different from the established Chlamydiaceae, requires the development of a specific and rapid detection tool to investigate their prevalence and significance. Here is described a new real-time PCR assay that allows specific detection of atypical Chlamydiaceae from pigeons. The assay has been used to assess the dissemination of these strains in field samples collected from Parisian pigeon populations in 2009. The results suggest a limited dissemination compared to the usually higher prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci that is the main species associated with avian chlamydiosis. 相似文献
74.
Blanche Saint-Béat Christine Dupuy Pierrick Bocher Julien Chalumeau Margot De Crignis Camille Fontaine Katell Guizien Johann Lavaud Sébastien Lefebvre Hélène Montanié Jean-Luc Mouget Francis Orvain Pierre-Yves Pascal Gwena?l Quaintenne Gilles Radenac Pierre Richard Frédéric Robin Alain F. Vézina Nathalie Niquil 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the conservation of species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web.The total activities of the Brouage ecosystem in February and July are significantly different. The specialisation of the trophic links within the ecosystem does not appear to differ between the two models. In spite of a large export of carbon from the primary producer and detritus in winter, the higher recycling leads to a similar retention of carbon for the two seasons. It can be concluded that in February, the higher activity of the ecosystem coupled with a higher cycling and a mean internal organization, ensure the sufficient feeding of the migratory shorebirds. 相似文献
75.
Aude Cincotta Thanh Thuy Nguyen Tu Julien L. Colaux Guy Terwagne Sylvie Derenne Pascal Godefroit Robert Carleer Christelle Anquetil Johan Yans 《Palaeontology》2020,63(5):841-863
A panel of geochemical techniques is used here to investigate the taphonomy of fossil feathers preserved in association with the skeleton of the Jurassic theropod Anchiornis huxleyi. Extant feathers were analysed in parallel to test whether the soft tissues morphologically preserved in the fossil also exhibit a high degree of chemical preservation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that clays and iron oxide pseudomorphs occur in the surrounding sediment and also reveal the preservation of melanosome-like microbodies in the fossil. Carbon gradient along a depth profile and co-occurrence of carbon and sulphur are shown in the fossil by elastic backscattering (EBS) and particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE), which are promising techniques for the elemental analysis of fossil soft tissues. The molecular composition of modern and fossil soft tissues was assessed from micro-attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-ATR FTIR), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C NMR) and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry in the presence of TMAH (TMAH-Py-GC-MS). Results indicate that the proteinaceous material that comprises the modern feathers is not present in the fossil feathers. The fossil feathers and the embedding sediment exhibit a highly aliphatic character. However, substantial differences exist between these samples, revealing that the organic matter of the fossil feathers is, at least partially, derived from original constituents of the feathers. Our results suggest that, despite the morphological preservation of Anchiornis feathers, original proteins, that is keratin, were probably not preserved in the 160-myr-old feathers. 相似文献
76.
Mia Svensk Sabrina Coste Bastien Gérard Eva Gril Frédéric Julien Pascale Maillard Clément Stahl Céline Leroy 《Physiologia plantarum》2020,170(4):488-507
Studying the response to drought stress of keystone epiphytes such as tank bromeliads is essential to better understand their resistance capacity to future climate change. The objective was to test whether there is any variation in the carbon, water and nutrient status among different leaf ontogenetic stages in a bromeliad rosette subjected to a gradient of drought stress. We used a semi-controlled experiment consisting in a gradient of water shortage in Aechmea aquilega and Lutheria splendens. For each bromeliad and drought treatment, three leaves were collected based on their position in the rosette and several functional traits related to water and nutrient status, and carbon metabolism were measured. We found that water status traits (relative water content, leaf succulence, osmotic and midday water potentials) and carbon metabolism traits (carbon assimilation, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, chlorophyll and starch contents) decreased with increasing drought stress, while leaf soluble sugars and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents remained unchanged. The different leaf ontogenetic stages showed only marginal variations when subjected to a gradient of drought. Resources were not reallocated between different leaf ontogenetic stages but we found a reallocation of soluble sugars from leaf starch reserves to the root system. Both species were capable of metabolic and physiological adjustments in response to drought. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the resistance of bromeliads faced with increasing drought stress and paves the way for in-depth reflection on their strategies to cope with water shortage. 相似文献
77.
Demenois Julien Merino-Martín Luis Fernandez Nuñez Nicolas Stokes Alexia Carriconde Fabian 《Plant and Soil》2020,448(1-2):213-229
Plant and Soil - Understanding how soil aggregate stability (MWD) is influenced by microbial diversity and abundance can be crucial for ecological restoration in severely disturbed areas. We... 相似文献
78.
Christian T?tzke Tatiana Miranda Wilfried Konrad Julien Gout Nikolay Kardjilov Martin Dawson Ingo Manke Anita Roth-Nebelsick 《Annals of botany》2013,111(4):723-730
Background and Aims
Cold neutron radiography was applied to directly observe embolism in conduits of liana stems with the aim to evaluate the suitability of this method for studying embolism formation and repair. Potential advantages of this method are a principally non-invasive imaging approach with low energy dose compared with synchrotron X-ray radiation, a good spatial and temporal resolution, and the possibility to observe the entire volume of stem portions with a length of several centimetres at one time.Methods
Complete and cut stems of Adenia lobata, Aristolochia macrophylla and Parthenocissus tricuspidata were radiographed at the neutron imaging facility CONRAD at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, with each measurement cycle lasting several hours. Low attenuation gas spaces were separated from the high attenuation (water-containing) plant tissue using image processing.Key results
Severe cuts into the stem were necessary to induce embolism. The formation and temporal course of an embolism event could then be successfully observed in individual conduits. It was found that complete emptying of a vessel with a diameter of 100 µm required a time interval of 4 min. Furthermore, dehydration of the whole stem section could be monitored via decreasing attenuation of the neutrons.Conclusions
The results suggest that cold neutron radiography represents a useful tool for studying water relations in plant stems that has the potential to complement other non-invasive methods. 相似文献79.
Julien Roche Jose A. Caro Mariano Dellarole Ewelina Guca Catherine A. Royer Bertrand García‐Moreno E. Angel E. Garcia Christian Roumestand 《Proteins》2013,81(6):1069-1080
The effects of cavity‐creating mutations on the structural flexibility, local and global stability, and dynamics of the folded state of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) were examined with NMR spectroscopy, MD simulations, H/D exchange, and pressure perturbation. Effects on global thermodynamic stability correlated well with the number of heavy atoms in the vicinity of the mutated residue. Variants with substitutions in the C‐terminal domain and the interface between α and β subdomains showed large amide chemical shift variations relative to the parent protein, moderate, widespread, and compensatory perturbations of the H/D protection factors and increased local dynamics on a nanosecond time scale. The pressure sensitivity of the folded states of these variants was similar to that of the parent protein. Such observations point to the capacity of the folded proteins to adjust to packing defects in these regions. In contrast, cavity creation in the β‐barrel subdomain led to minimal perturbation of the structure of the folded state, However, significant pressure dependence of the native state amide resonances, along with strong effects on native state H/D exchange are consistent with increased probability of population of excited state(s) for these variants. Such contrasted responses to the creation of cavities could not be anticipated from global thermodynamic stability or crystal structures; they depend on the local structural and energetic context of the substitutions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
80.
Maxime Séleck Jean-Philippe Bizoux Gilles Colinet Michel-Pierre Faucon Arielle Guillaume Pierre Meerts Julien Piqueray Grégory Mahy 《Plant and Soil》2013,373(1-2):455-469